Elementary Standards HTML Tutorial
The tutorials found herein have been written for clarification of existing W3C HTML 4.01 (and, by extension, XHTML 1.0 as text/html) documentation and use real-world examples. W3C HTML 5 (Draft) clarification and examples are included.
Elements :
Attributes
Sections of elements are below. The attributes, too. Some section names have been taken from HTML 5; some remain HTML 4.01. Text-Level Elements - in HTML 5 - have become Text-Level Semantics but some were reclassified as Grouping or Phrasing Content; List elements are Grouping Content.
Head Elements
Flow Elements
Section Content Elements
Block-Level Elements
List Elements
Text-Level Elements
Empty Elements
Attributes
dir
The dir attribute assigns the direction of the text to the entire page or a section of the page.
[Caveat: “The [UNICODE] specification assigns directionality to characters and defines a (complex) algorithm for determining the proper directionality of text. If a document does not contain a displayable right-to-left character, a conforming user agent is not required to apply the [UNICODE] bidirectional algorithm. If a document contains right-to-left characters, and if the user agent displays these characters, the user agent must use the bidirectional algorithm.”]
[Note: Arabic, English and Chinese (Simplified) characters are used in the examples, below.]
- Attribute name:
dir- Value:
ltr: Left-to-right text or table. Or,rtl: Right-to-left text or table.
- Example [Left-to-right text]:
-
ثلاثة الغربان Three Ravens 三只乌鸦
- Code [HTML]:
-
<p dir="ltr"> <span lang="ar">ثلاثة الغربان</span> Three Ravens <span lang="zh-cn">三只乌鸦</span></p>
- Example [Right-to-left text]:
-
ثلاثة الغربان Three Ravens 三只乌鸦
- Code [HTML]:
-
<p dir="rtl"> <span lang="ar">ثلاثة الغربان</span> Three Ravens <span lang="zh-cn">三只乌鸦</span></p> -
[Note: The Arabic text has been positioned accordingly; the English and Chinese text has been aligned to the right.]
- Example [BiDi Override Element]:
-
ثلاثة الغربان Three Ravens 三只乌鸦
- Code [HTML]:
-
<p><bdo dir="rtl"><span lang="ar">ثلاثة الغربان</span> Three Ravens <span lang="zh-cn">三只乌鸦</span>;</bdo></p> -
[Note: The Arabic text has been positioned accordingly; the English and Chinese characters have been aligned in reverse order.]
The Elementary Standards: A Compendium of articles, tutorials and reference material regarding Web Standards, HTML and CSS Copyright ©2005-2010. All work is published by Sean Fraser under a Creative Commons License. All Rights Reserved.